Michael Keefer: Evidence of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election

The following article was published by Global Research one month after the November2, 2004 elections. The original URL of this article is: http://globalresearch.ca/articles/KEE412A.html This reading list, a substantially expanded version of previous lists published on 11 and 15 November, has been prepared with the aim of making a wide range of readings on the subject of the integrity, or the lack of integrity of the recent US presidential election readily available. It is being published as a companion piece to my article "The Stolen US Presidential Election: A Comparative Analysis." I have sought to facilitate analytical use of the materials in this revised and expanded list by dividing them into five subject sections: 1. The Openness of New Voting Technologies to Fraud. 2. Allegations and Evidence of Fraud in Recent US Elections. 3. Advance Warnings of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election. 4. Allegations and Evidence of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election: The Developing Controversy. 5. Appendix: Selected Articles on the 2004 Presidential Election Recall Referendum in Venezuela and the 2004 Presidential Election in Ukraine. Section 1 includes writings by computer scientists who have specialized in issues of electronic security, by statisticians who have studied questions of the detection of electoral fraud, and by journalists and activists who have assembled and critically analyzed the opinions of experts. Section 2 provides some historical context for the present situation, by offering a selection of writings in which evidence of electoral fraud in recent US elections is documented and analyzed. Section 3 shows how insistently computer scientists, investigative journalists and activists warned during the past two years about the dangers to democracy posed by electronic voting machines which remove the possibility of electoral recounts and audits, and how, despite their warnings, the US entered the 2004 presidential elections equipped with voting machine systems, most of which were demonstrably open booth to back door manipulation and to hacking at the voting tabulator level.